Research advances on application of botulinum toxin type A in scar prevention and treatment / 中华烧伤杂志

The wound healing time, tension of wound edge, proliferation of fibroblast, and extracellular matrix deposition are the important factors of scar formation, and botulinum toxin type A can regulate the above. Prevention and treatment of scar with botulinum toxin type A is one of the hot topics of clinical research in recent years. This paper briefly reviews researches by scholars at home and abroad on the mechanism, clinical application, complications, and adverse effects of botulinum toxin type A in scar prevention and treatment.

Tratamiento del acné en la adolescencia / Treatment of acne in adolescents

El acné es la enfermedad dermatológica más común de la adolescencia. Aunque casi todos los casos remiten alrededor de la tercera década de la vida, cuando este problema conlleva una carga emocional para el paciente se requiere indicar tratamiento. En esta actualización, los autores revisan los distintos grados de compromiso de esta patología, el tratami-ento y los niveles de evidencia que tiene cada uno de ellos, con el objetivo de facilitar a los médicos de atención primaria el manejo de los pacientes que presentan esta enfermedad. (AU)

Acne is the most common dermatological condition in adolescents. Even though almost all cases will resolve around the third decade of life, treatment is indicated when this health problem carries an emotional burden for the patient. In this update, the authors review the grades of involvement of the disease and the available treatments according to levels of evidence, with the aim of helping primary care physicians to manage the patients presenting this illness. (AU)

¿Es la mitomicina C superior al 5-fluorouracilo como antimetabolito en la trabeculectomía para el glaucoma? / Is mytomicyn better than 5-fluorouracil as antimetabolite in trabeculectomy for glaucoma?

INTRODUCCIÓN: La trabeculectomía es considerada la intervención de elección en pacientes con glaucoma con indicación de manejo quirúrgico. Dentro de los factores asociados al fracaso de este tratamiento se encuentra la cicatrización postoperatoria. Para disminuir este factor se han usado distintos antimetabolitos, en particular el 5-fluorouracilo y la mitomicina C. Si bien ambos se consideran efectivos, no está claro si existen diferencias entre ambos en relación al éxito de la trabeculectomía y los efectos adversos. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 17 estudios primarios, de los cuales, 12 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de mitomicina C podría lograr una mayor disminución de la presión intraocular e incrementar la tasa de éxito calificado en comparación con el 5-fluorouracilo. Sin embargo, su uso podría asociarse a una mayor incidencia de complicaciones.

INTRODUCTION: Trabeculectomy is considered the standard for glaucoma surgery. Postoperative scarring is one the factors associated with surgery failure. Different antimetabolites have been used in order to reduce this risk, particularly 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C. Although both are considered effective, it is not clear if they are different in terms of success of trabeculectomy and adverse effects. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified four systematic reviews including 17 studies overall, of which 12 were randomized trials. We concluded mitomycin C might be more effective in reducing intraocular pressure and increasing qualified success compared to 5-fluorouracil. However, its use might be associated to a higher risk of complications.

Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para tratamento de feridas / La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para cuidado de heridas / Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for wound care

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever os tipos mais frequentes de feridas com indicação para terapia por oxigênio hiperbárico e os resultados obtidos. Método Estudo transversal, realizado em um Centro Hiperbárico localizado na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Os prontuários de 200 pacientes tratados com oxigênio hiperbárico foram revisados, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2013, analisando-se as variáveis da pessoa, clínicas, indicação, número de sessões e cicatrização da ferida, através de estatística descritiva e teste de associação Qui-quadrado de Pearson com correção de Yates, adotando-se um nível de 5%. Resultados As feridas mais frequentemente encontradas como indicação para terapia por oxigênio hiperbárico foram: úlcera venosa, lesão traumática e pé diabético. Os pacientes com feridas crônicas realizaram um menor número de sessões (61,1%) e tiveram suas feridas cicatrizadas ou reduzidas (62,0%) quando comparados com aqueles com feridas agudas. Conclusão A terapia por oxigênio hiperbárico é um tratamento efetivo para pacientes com feridas crônicas.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir los tipos más comunes de heridas con indicación de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica y resultados. Método Estudio transversal realizado en un centro hiperbárico situado en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahia. Las historias clínicas de 200 pacientes tratados con oxígeno hiperbárico fueron revisados en el período de enero a noviembre de 2013, analizando las variables de la persona, clínicas, la indicación, número de sesiones y la cicatrización de heridas a través de la estadística descriptiva y prueba de chi-cuadrado de asociación con la corrección de Yates, adoptando un nivel de 5%. Resultados Las heridas que más a menudo se encuentran como una indicación de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica fueron: úlceras venosas, lesiones traumáticas y pie diabético. Los pacientes con heridas crónicas realizaron un menor número de sesiones (61,1%) y tenían sus heridas curándose o reducidas (62,0%) en comparación con aquellos con heridas agudas. Conclusión La terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico es un tratamiento eficaz para los pacientes con heridas crónicas.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the most common types of wounds indicated for hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the results. Method Cross-sectional study at a Hyperbaric Centre in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The medical records of 200 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen were reviewed from January to November 2013. The variables of the persons, clinical, indications, number of sessions and wound care were analysed by means of descriptive statistics and the chi-square test of association incorporating Yates's correction with a level of 5%. Results The wounds that were most frequently indicated for hyperbaric oxygen therapy were venous ulcers, traumatic injury and diabetic foot. Patients with chronic wounds had fewer sessions (61.1%) and their wounds healed or were reduced (62.0%) compared to those with acute wounds. Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an effective treatment for patients with chronic wounds.

Atualização da abordagem de infecção do trato urinário na infância / Update on the approach of urinary tract infection in childhood

Resumo Objetivo: A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é a infecção bacteriana mais comum na infância. A ITU pode ser o evento sentinela para alteração renal subjacente. Ainda há muitas controvérsias com relação ao tratamento adequado da ITU. Neste artigo de revisão, discutimos as últimas recomendações para diagnóstico, tratamento, profilaxia e imagiologia da ITU na infância, com base em comprovação e, na sua ausência, no consenso de especialistas. Fonte de dados: Os dados foram coletados após uma revisão da literatura e pesquisa no Pubmed, Embase, Scopus e Scielo. Resumo dos dados: No primeiro ano de vida, as ITUs são mais comuns em meninos (3,7%) do que em meninas (2%). Os sinais e sintomas da ITU são muito inespecíficos, principalmente em neonatos e durante a infância. A febre é o único sintoma em muitos casos. Conclusões: O histórico clínico e exame físico podem sugerir ITU, porém a confirmação deve ser feita por urocultura. Antes da administração de qualquer agente antimicrobiano, deve ser feita coleta de urina. Durante a infância, a coleta de urina adequada é essencial para evitar resultados falso-positivos. O diagnóstico e o início do tratamento imediatos são importantes na prevenção de cicatriz renal de longo prazo. Neonatos febris com ITUs devem ser submetidos a ultrassonografia renal e da bexiga, Agentes antibacterianos intravenosos são recomendados para neonatos e neonatos jovens. Recomendamos também a exclusão de uropatias obstrutivas o mais rapidamente possível e posterior refluxo vesico-ureteral, caso indicado. A profilaxia deve ser considerada em casos de elevada susceptibilidade a ITU e risco elevado de danos renais.

Abstract Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in childhood. UTI may be the sentinel event for underlying renal abnormality. There are still many controversies regarding proper management of UTI. In this review article, the authors discuss recent recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, and imaging of UTI in childhood based on evidence, and when this is lacking, based on expert consensus. Sources: Data were obtained after a review of the literature and a search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Scielo. Summary of the findings: In the first year of life, UTIs are more common in boys (3.7%) than in girls (2%). Signs and symptoms of UTI are very nonspecific, especially in neonates and during childhood; in many cases, fever is the only symptom. Conclusions: Clinical history and physical examination may suggest UTI, but confirmation should be made by urine culture, which must be performed before any antimicrobial agent is given. During childhood, the proper collection of urine is essential to avoid false-positive results. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment is important to prevent long-term renal scarring. Febrile infants with UTIs should undergo renal and bladder ultrasonography. Intravenous antibacterial agents are recommended for neonates and young infants. The authors also advise exclusion of obstructive uropathies as soon as possible and later vesicoureteral reflux, if indicated. Prophylaxis should be considered for cases of high susceptibility to UTI and high risk of renal damage.

Scarless hepatectomy: natural orifice specimen extraction after left lateral sectionectomy / Hepatectomia sem cicatriz: extração do espécime por orifício natural depois de seccionectomia lateral esquerda

BACKGROUND: The use of laparoscopy in liver surgery is well established and considered as the gold standard for small resections. The laparoscopic resections have lower morbidity and better cosmetic results, but still require an incision to remove the surgical specimen. The possibility of remove the specimen through natural orifices and avoid an abdominal incision may further improve the benefits offered by minimally invasive procedures. AIM: To describe the technique of transvaginal extraction of the specimen after laparoscopic liver left lateral sectionectomy. METHOD: The laparoscopic liver resection is performed in a standard fashion. After completing the resection, the specimen is placed into a retrieval plastic bag. To perform de extraction, a vaginal colpotomy is performed, guided by a 12 mm trocar introduced through the vagina. Then the extraction bag is removed pulling the bag through the extended incision in the posterior wall of the vagina. After the extraction, the colpotomy incision is closed laparoscopically. RESULTS: This technique was performed in a 74-year-old woman with a 3 cm lesion between liver segments 2 and 3. She had a fast and uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: This technique appears to be feasible, safe and avoid the complications of an abdominal incision. .

RACIONAL: O uso da laparoscopia na cirurgia de fígado está bem estabelecida e considerada o padrão-ouro para pequenas ressecções. As ressecções laparoscópicas têm menor morbidade e melhor resultado estético, mas ainda requerem uma incisão para remover a peça cirúrgica. A possibilidade de retirar a amostra através de orifícios naturais e evitar incisão abdominal pode melhorar ainda mais os benefícios oferecidos pelos procedimentos minimamente invasivos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a técnica de extração transvaginal do espécime após seccionectomia hepática laparoscópica esquerda lateral. MÉTODO: A hepatectomia laparoscópica é realizada de forma padrão. Depois de completar a ressecção, a amostra é colocada dentro de um saco plástico de recuperação. Para a realização de extração, uma colpotomia vaginal é realizada, guiado por trocarte de 12 mm introduzido através da vagina. Em seguida, o saco é removido, puxando-o através da incisão estendida na parede posterior da vagina. Após a extração, a incisão da colpotomia é fechada por laparoscopia. RESULTADOS: Esta técnica foi realizada em uma mulher de 74 anos de idade, por lesão de 3 cm entre os segmentos 2 e 3 do fígado Ela teve recuperação rápida e sem complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Esta técnica parece ser viável, segura e evitar as complicações de uma incisão abdominal. .

Horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy: aesthetic and effective option for atrial and ventricular septal defect repair in infants and toddlers / Minitoracotomia axilar direita horizontal: opção estética e eficaz para correção de comunicação interventricular e interatrial em lactentes e crianças

Introduction: Congenital heart defects treatment shows progressive reduction in morbidity and mortality, however, the scar, resulting from ventricular (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, may cause discomfort. Right axillary minithoracotomy approach, by avoiding the breast growth region, is an option for correction of these defects that may provide better aesthetic results at low cost. Since October 2011, we have been using this technique for repairing VSD and ASD defects as well as associated defects. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of this method in children undergoing correction of VSD and ASD, to compare perioperative clinical outcomes with those repaired by median sternotomy, and to evaluate the aesthetic result. Methods: Perioperative clinical data of 25 patients submitted to axillary thoracotomy were compared with data from a paired group of 25 patients with similar heart defects repaired by median sternotomy, from October 2011 to August 2012. Results: Axillary approach was possible even in infants. There was no mortality and the main perioperative variables were similar in both groups, except for lower use of blood products in the axillary group (6/25) vs. control (13/25), with statistical difference (P =0.04). The VSD size varied from 7 to 15 mm in axillary group. Cannulation of the aorta and vena cavae was performed through the main incision, whose size ranged from 3 to 5 cm in the axillary group, with excellent aesthetic results. Conclusion: The axillary thoracotomy was effective, allowing for a heart defect repair similar to the median sternotomy, with more satisfactory aesthetic results and reduced blood transfusion, and it can be safely used in infants. .

Introdução: O tratamento dos defeitos cardíacos apresenta progressiva redução da morbimortalidade, porém, a cicatriz, sequela aparente do tratamento da comunicação interatrial (CIA) e interventricular (CIV), pode causar incômodo. A abordagem por minitoracotomia axilar é opção para correção destes defeitos, com possível melhor estética e baixo custo, além de evitar a região de crescimento da mama. Desde outubro de 2011, empregamos esta técnica para correção de CIA, CIV e defeitos associados. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do método em crianças submetidas à correção de CIV e CIA, avaliar a evolução clínica perioperatória em comparação à esternotomia mediana e avaliar o resultado estético. Métodos: Dados clínicos perioperatórios de 25 pacientes submetidos à minitoracotomia axilar foram comparados com dados de grupo de 25 pacientes submetidos à correção de defeitos cardíacos semelhantes por esternotomia mediana, de outubro de 2011 a agosto de 2012. Resultados: A correção dos defeitos via axilar foi factível inclusive em lactentes. Não houve mortalidade e as principais variáveis perioperatórias foram similares em ambos os grupos, exceto pelo menor uso de hemoderivados no grupo axilar (6/25) x controle (13/25), com diferença estatística (P=0,04). A sequela ventricular nos pacientes do grupo axilar variou de 7 a 15 mm. A canulação da aorta e veias cavas foi realizada através da incisão principal, cujo tamanho variou de 3 a 5 cm no grupo axilar, com resultado estético excelente. Conclusão: A minitoracotomia axilar foi eficaz, permitiu correção do defeito cardíaco semelhante à esternotomia mediana, com resultado estético mais ...

Prevention of Postsurgical Scars: Comparsion of Efficacy and Convenience between Silicone Gel Sheet and Topical Silicone Gel

To date, few studies have compared the effectiveness of topical silicone gels versus that of silicone gel sheets in preventing scars. In this prospective study, we compared the efficacy and the convenience of use of the 2 products. We enrolled 30 patients who had undergone a surgical procedure 2 weeks to 3 months before joining the study. These participants were randomly assigned to 2 treatment arms: one for treatment with a silicone gel sheet, and the other for treatment with a topical silicone gel. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores were obtained for all patients; in addition, participants completed scoring patient questionnaires 1 and 3 months after treatment onset. Our results reveal not only that no significant difference in efficacy exists between the 2 products but also that topical silicone gels are more convenient to use. While previous studies have advocated for silicone gel sheets as first-line therapies in postoperative scar management, we maintain that similar effects can be expected with topical silicone gel. The authors recommend that, when clinicians have a choice of silicone-based products for scar prevention, they should focus on each patient's scar location, lifestyle, and willingness to undergo scar prevention treatment.

Clinical Application of Adipose Stem Cells in Plastic Surgery

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a type of adult stem cells that share common characteristics with typical mesenchymal stem cells. In the last decade, ASCs have been shown to be a useful cell resource for tissue regeneration. The major role of regenerative medicine in this century is based on cell therapy in which ASCs hold a key position. Active research on this new type of adult stem cell has been ongoing and these cells now have several clinical applications, including fat grafting, overcoming wound healing difficulties, recovery from local tissue ischemia, and scar remodeling. The application of cultured cells will increase the efficiency of cell therapy. However, the use of cultured stem cells is strictly controlled by government regulation to ensure patient safety. Government regulation is a factor that can limit more versatile clinical application of ASCs. In this review, current clinical applications of ASCs in plastic surgery are introduced. Future stem cell applications in clinical field including culturing and banking of ASCs are also discussed in this review.

Overview of Surgical Scar Prevention and Management

Management of incisional scar is intimately connected to stages of wound healing. The management of an elective surgery patient begins with a thorough informed consent process in which the patient is made aware of personal and clinical circumstances that cannot be modified, such as age, ethnicity, and previous history of hypertrophic scars. In scar prevention, the single most important modifiable factor is wound tension during the proliferative and remodeling phases, and this is determined by the choice of incision design. Traditional incisions most often follow relaxed skin tension lines, but no such lines exist in high surface tension areas. If such incisions are unavoidable, the patient must be informed of this ahead of time. The management of a surgical incision does not end when the sutures are removed. Surgical scar care should be continued for one year. Patient participation is paramount in obtaining the optimal outcome. Postoperative visits should screen for signs of scar hypertrophy and has a dual purpose of continued patient education and reinforcement of proper care. Early intervention is a key to control hyperplastic response. Hypertrophic scars that do not improve by 6 months are keloids and should be managed aggressively with intralesional steroid injections and alternate modalities.

Excision of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma by midfacial degloving approach

To analyze the advantages of wide exposure by midfacial degloving approach for surgical excision of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. Fifteen [15] patients with Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma were included in the study. All were operated with midfacial degloving approach. Five cases were operated with out emobilization and 5 cases with emobilization of the feeding vessel. 5 cases were operated after temporary ligation of the external carotid artery. 15 Patients were included in the study. Excision was done with mid facial degloving approach. Results were satisfactory regarding complete excision of the tumor with less postoperative complications and recurrence [2 out of 15]. Midfacial degloving approach is an excellent approach providing wide exposure of infratemporal fossa, nasopharyx and skull base with less bleeding and no facial scar

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxymethylcellulose Solution on Perineural Scar Formation after Sciatic Nerve Repair in Rats

BACKGROUND: Scar tissue formation is the major cause of failure in peripheral nerve surgery. Use of a hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) membrane (Seprafilm) as a solid anti-adhesion barrier agent is one of the therapeutic approaches to reduce postoperative scar tissue formation. However, a solid membrane may not be suitable for repair of a weak peripheral nerve site. This study examined the effect of HA-CMC solution on perineural scar formation after peripheral nerve repair in rats. METHODS: The sciatic nerves of 40 rats were transected and then immediately repaired using 10-0 nylon. The nerves were divided randomly into two groups. Saline and HA-CMC solution were applied topically to the nerve repair sites in the control and experimental groups, respectively. Reoperation was performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks to assess scar tissue formation. The assessment included the quality of wound healing, presence of perinueral adhesion, cellular components of the scar tissue, thickness of the scar tissue and histomorphological organization of the repair site. RESULTS: Topical application of the HA-CMC solution significantly decreased the macroscopic nerve adherence score and the numbers of the cellular components such as fibroblasts and inflammatory cells (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). The scar tissue formation index was significantly lower in the experimental group at 12 weeks than that in the control group (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). The grading scores of the histomorphological axonal organization at the repair site were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). No evidence of wound dehiscence or inflammatory reactions against the HA-CMC solution was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of a HA-CMC solution is effective in reducing the perineural scar formation and adhesion after sciatic nerve repair in rats, and is effective in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration at the repair site.

Evaluación de la prevención y manejo de úlceras por decúbito en pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados especiales de un servicio de medicina / Evaluation of the prevention and management of decubitus ulcers in patients admitted to a medical special care

Las úlceras por decúbito son una patología frecuente dentro de los hospitales, especialmente dentro de ciertos servicios y en pacientes con factores de riesgo. Son un factor importante de descompensación, llevando incluso a la muerte en algunos casos, además de prolongar la estadía hospitalaria y elevar sus costos. Por esta razón decidimos evaluar la eficacia de la prevención y el manejo de esta patología en nuestro hospital. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo ciego para los médicos que incluyó a todos los pacientes que ingresaron durante el mes de Noviembre de 2007 a una sala de cuidados especiales del servicio de medicina del Hospital Naval Almirante Nef. Se evaluó el riesgo de dichos pacientes de presentar este tipo de úlceras, se vio si ingresaban por esta causa o desarrollaban estas lesiones durante su hospitalización, y las medidas preventivas y de tratamiento recibidas. Se estudió un total de 44 pacientes de los cuales 54,5 por ciento fue evaluado como de alto riesgo. Se vio en este grupo que sólo el 50 por ciento recibió algún tipo de cuidado preventivo extra, el resto tuvo el mismo manejo que aquellos pacientes considerados de bajo riesgo. Del total de pacientes 40,9 por ciento ingresaron con úlceras por decúbito de algún grado y 25 por ciento la desarrolló durante su estadía. Al cabo de una semana de tratamiento 13,7 por ciento mejoró, 17,2 por ciento empeoró y 65,5 por ciento se mantuvo igual. La prevalencia de úlceras por decúbito es elevada en este grupo de pacientes y dado el bajo rendimiento de su terapia es necesario enfocarse en la prevención, lo que hace recomendable que el equipo de salud se capacite y mantenga una vigilancia cercana, habiendo estratificado bien a los pacientes en bajo y alto riesgo.

Decubitus ulcers are frequent in admitted patients, especially in some clinical units and among patients with the presence of risk factors. These ulcers are an important element of decompensation of chronic ailments, extending hospital stay and costs, even causing death in some cases. To evaluate the efficacy of their prevention and management in our hospital, we carried out a blind descriptive study that includes all patients admitted to the special care unit of the Medical Service at the Almirante Nef Naval Hospital during November 2007. We measured the risk to present these ulcers, their presence or absence at admission, their development during hospital stay, the significance of the preventive measures and treatments given. We studied 44 patients, 54,5 per cent categorized as high risk. Only 50 percent of this group received adequate preventive measures, the rest receive similar care as the low risk's patients. Considering all patients, 40,9 percent entered with decubitus ulcers and 25 percent developed them during the stay. After one week of management 13,7 percent were better, 17,2 percent were worse and 65,5 were the same. The prevalence of ulcers is high in this group of patients, and since the results for therapy are poor, prevention is fundamental. Correct classification of the risk, and education of health teams are considered important.

Gene therapy of scarring: a lesson learned from fetal scarless wound healing

Cutaneous wounding in adult humans and higher vertebrate animals results in scar formation. In contrast, both human and animal fetuses, at early gestational ages, exhibit skin wound healing without scarring. This distinction suggests that the repair of adult wounds by skin regeneration, rather than by fibrosis, may be achieved if adult wounds can be modified to mimic the healing process of fetal wounds. The development of gene therapy offers the possibility to specifically enhance or block the gene expression of cytokines and extracellular molecules, and thus convert adult wound healing into a healing process more similar to tissue regeneration. This article reviews the characteristics of fetal wound repair focusing on cytokine profiles and the inflammatory response to dermal injury. Also included are new developments in gene transfer techniques as well as their application in wound healing. Finally, the authors propose possible strategies of wound gene therapy, to reduce wound scarring and to promote tissue regeneration.

The scarless rhytidectomy incision in superficial parotidectomy.

Post-operative scars usually occur at the incision sites following various procedures of the parotid gland surgery. From 1982 to 1996, 201 cases of scarless rhytidectomy incisions were analysed and reported, with satisfactory results.

Mastoplastia redutora com cicatrizes reduzidas: tecnica cirurgica / Reduction mammaplasty with shortened scars: surgical technique

A mastoplastia redutora e atualmente uma das cirurgias mais frequentemente realizadas. O objetico principal e a reducao de volume mamario, mas tambem ha preocupacao com cicatrizes, que se inadequadas podem comprometer o resultado operatorio. A Disciplina de Cirurgia Plastica da FMUSP segue a tendencia moderna de reducao da extensao das incisoes, e consequentemente das cicatrizes. A partir da decada de 80, desenvolveu-se no Servico, tecnica que incorpora estes principios. Os resultados sao satisfatorios e a tecnica e simples o suficiente para ser aplicada no programa de treinamento dos residentes.